Osteolytic Skull Lesions: Rare Finding in a Patient Presenting with Clinical Features of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) With Unknown HIV Status

Polyomavirus-Associated Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) in HAART era

Polyomaviruses may cause human disease, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. JCV, one of the members of polyomaviridae family, is the causative agent of the neurological disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), which occurs mostly in immunocompromised patients. Progressive Multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a progressive demyelinating disorder of the central nervous sy...

Scintigraphic evaluation of multifocal osteolytic lesions in a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism: A case report

Osteitis fibrosa cystica is the classic patognomonic form of skeletal disease in hyperparathyroidism that characterizes with decreased cortical bone thickness compared to increased cancellous bone. We present a case of 52-year old female patient with osteolysis of the left calf on radiographic images. The bone scan detected multiple focal pathological accumulations in the skull, left tibia, bot...

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in non-HIV patient

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) presenting as intractable dystonia in an HIV-infected child.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) has been described in adult immunocompromised patients and has a progressive downhill course. Though dementia and motor disturbances have been described, intractable dystonia is a very unusual manifestation. In children, PML is very rare and often misdiagnosed as other central nervous system (CNS) encephalopathy. No definitive treatment is availa...

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in a HIV Negative, Immunocompetent Patient

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare demyelinating disease most common in immunodeficient patients. It occurs due to reactivation of the John Cunningham Virus (JCV) and carries a poor prognosis, with a median life expectancy of 6 months. We report a case of a 66-year-old man with a history of HCV related cirrhosis (HCV) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who was found to h...